Wijk aan zet (Neighbourhood in Action)

Status
ongoing
50%
City

Rotterdam

Main actors

City Government

Project area

Whole City/Administrative Region

Duration

Ongoing since 2022

The City of Rotterdam believes in the strength, expertise, and creativity of its citizens, and focuses on fostering sustainable democratic participation for all. In 2022, this commitment led to Wijk aan Zet (Neighbourhood in Action), a new electoral model of local governance at the district/neighbourhood level. This initiative ensures citizens have a say in decisions affecting their lives, advancing the city's participatory culture and strengthening trust between residents and local government.

Under this system, citizens could stand for election to represent their district, with residents voting for these candidates. This applied to all 39 district councils in Rotterdam. Notably, young people from age 16 were allowed to stand and vote for their district council, unlike in national elections.

A key element of Wijk aan Zet is the creation of district agreements. Each council, with input from residents and local partners, drew up a four-year plan outlining the district's needs and priorities in collaboration with the municipality.

The model also features a unique aspect: candidates are not required to be members of political parties. They can stand as individuals or represent non-political organisations, further democratising the process.

Originally published by Eurocities: Link

Finalist – Eurocities Awards 2024, Creative election campaigns: mobilising citizens

Sustainable Development Goals

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesEnsure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for allBuild resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovationReduce inequality within and among countriesMake cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainablePromote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Eurocities Awards

This project was shortlisted for the 'Eurocities Awards' in 2024 in the following category: Creative Election Campaigns: mobilising citizens.

City
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Size and population development
As of 2023, the city of Rotterdam had an estimated population of approximately 655,000, making it the second-largest city in the Netherlands after Amsterdam. The greater Rotterdam-The Hague metropolitan area has a population of about 2.4 million. Rotterdam has experienced steady population growth in recent years, with an average annual growth rate of about 0.6% between 2013 and 2023. This growth is primarily attributed to international migration and natural increase.
Population composition
Rotterdam is known for its diverse and multicultural population. It's one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the Netherlands, with a significant portion of its residents having a migration background. As of 2023, the population composition was approximately 50% Dutch background, 10% other Western background, and 40% non-Western background. The non-Western background includes significant communities of Surinamese, Turkish, Moroccan, and Cape Verdean descent. The age distribution is approximately 16% for 0-14 years, 65% for 15-64 years, and 19% for 65 years and over. The median age in Rotterdam is around 38 years.
Main functions
Rotterdam serves as a major international port, being home to Europe's largest seaport. It functions as an economic hub, serving as a centre for trade, logistics, and industry. The city is an educational centre hosting several universities and research institutions. Rotterdam is a cultural destination, known for its modern architecture and cultural institutions. It acts as a transportation node with important rail, road, and air connections.
Main industries / business
Rotterdam's economy is diverse, with several key sectors. The maritime and logistics sector is centred around the Port of Rotterdam. Energy and petrochemicals are major industries, with significant refineries and energy companies. The agri-food sector includes a large agricultural trade and food processing industry. Healthcare and medical technology are prominent, with the city being home to Erasmus Medical Centre. Creative and digital industries form a growing sector with numerous startups. Finance and business services make Rotterdam a regional hub for financial services. Tourism is of increasing importance, particularly for business tourism.
Sources for city budget
The city budget of Rotterdam comes from various sources. These include municipal taxes such as property tax and waste collection fees. Allocations from the national government contribute to the budget. Income is derived from municipal properties and services. Parking fees and fines are another source of revenue. The city receives dividends from shares in port-related companies. European Union funds are obtained for specific projects.
Political structure
Rotterdam operates under a mayor-council system, typical of Dutch municipalities. The Mayor is appointed by the Crown and chairs both the College of Mayor and Aldermen and the City Council. The College of Mayor and Aldermen serves as the executive body of the city. The City Council is an elected body responsible for major decisions and oversight. Rotterdam is also part of the Rotterdam-The Hague Metropolitan Area, a cooperative arrangement between 23 municipalities in the region.
Administrative structure
Rotterdam is divided into 14 boroughs, each with its own administrative committee. The city administration is organized into several departments responsible for various aspects of urban management, including urban development, public works, social affairs, and sports and culture.
Website
https://www.rotterdam.nl/

With Wijk aan Zet, citizens will have more say in decisions that affect their living environment, their district /neighbourhood. This means a better synergy between the needs of the district and the development of urban tasks and policies. Residents, municipality and organisations make plans for the district that come together in the district agreement. The district councils are the eyes and ears of the streets of the district / neighbourhood. In this way, engaged citizens represent the residents of the district.

Residents have more say in plans for their living environment and in this way have more influence on the allocation of budgets. The objective is that municipal employees are easier to find and more approachable. Due to more direct contact with residents, the municipal workers know better what is really going on and are more capable of making and implementing plans. 

Easily accessible, visible, tailor-made and with a practical approach are key concepts in this methodology. This does not stop after the elected council is in place, it is an ongoing process in which the municipality and residents keep talking to each other and make improvements.

This new way of working was implemented through 15 sub-projects. The municipal organisation has also changed. Hard work is being done to change cooperation in and with the district. For example:

The first annual action plan has been evaluated, and we are working on improvements for the second annual action plan. The process is simpler, and the administrative burden is decreasing, partly due to digitization. The district is now seeing a response to their plans more quickly, we can start implementation earlier and there is more time for good conversations about this in and with the neighbourhood (council).

Neighbourhood hubs have been opened in each neighbourhood. Residents can go there with questions or problems. And the council and other district / neighbourhood organisations can work together there. For example, employees of the municipality, the local police officer or youth workers work there. This makes it even easier to get in touch with the municipality.

We are also bringing the municipality closer to the neighbourhoods. Each neighbourhood will have its own district councillor.

The rules for residents' initiatives have been adapted. It will be easier for citizens to apply for a grant for ideas and initiatives for their district / neighbourhood / street; there are various schemes for this. In this way, the municipality works more in and with residents.

Participation platform: 
In February 2022, the campaign began for candidates to introduce themselves to voters in their districts. The presentation took place on the new participation platform Mijn Rotterdam (mijn.rotterdam.nl)

After the elections, the elected district councils were also introduced to the districts via mijn.rotterdam, and the platform now plays an important role in the creation and communication of the district agreements. For example, with news about the implementation of actions from the district agreements. In addition, residents can apply for grants for their initiatives on mijn.rotterdam, it is transparent which proposals have received money from the district council, and initiators can use the platform to communicate their plans in the district / neighbourhood / street(area), for example a street party.

District agreements:
The involvement of citizens and partners is an important aspect in forming the district agreements. The district agreement is a document that is made together with the district council, residents, neighbourhood partners and the municipality. And the college of mayor and councillors ratified the district agreements. It is the basis for cooperation in the district. A district agreement contains the most important tasks of the district e.g. assignments in the field of space for recreation, road safety or activities for young people. Part of the district agreement is the annual action plan. The municipality largely carries this out. Every year we draw up the annual action plan together with the district councils.

District hubs: 
To be more accessible, district hubs are set up in all districts, where residents can easily drop in with ideas and questions.

The City supports the 39 district councils with ICT resources, support from district council coordinators, their own budgets and district council members are paid. The annual cost of this is approximately €10 million. Then there are the costs of the actions in the district council plans, which are paid from the regular budget.

  • All 39 district councils, 291 district council members have been installed and are supported by 15 district council coordinators.
     
  • In all 39 districts, annual action plans have been developed with the elected district councils. These annual action plans contain a total of over 1,400 joint actions. Over 187,000 people voted (turnout 35.36%)
     
  • An introduction programme has been set up to help new members of district councils, with 27 skills training sessions and 69 introduction days provided on request.
     
  • New District Democracy also means paying attention to new tasks, responsibilities and cooperation between the municipal organisation and district council members.
     
  • New District Democracy should make it easier for citizens to participate in thinking and deciding about their neighbourhood. The digital participation platform Mijn Rotterdam was set up for this purpose. A total of 120,000 unique visitors have visited the platform, 7664 citizens have an account.
     
  • All 39 districts have a district hub accessible for citizens with questions and / or ideas
  1. The new style of governance and the opportunities it offers need time to land and develop, which is why the participation rate on the participation platform Mijn Rotterdam is not yet high.
     
  2. The shift in engagement we advocate also means a change in the current governance practices and thus the way we want to achieve our goals together. In addition to systemic challenges, there is also a cultural shift needed and that takes time.
     
  3. Formal embedding was a challenge, which is why a regulation was chosen.
     
  4. Inclusion – ensuring that everyone can really participate.
     
  5. A new system and tools alone are not enough: it takes time to understand and trust each other. Sometimes things do not work out as planned, and the key is to see the benefits of learning from what might be considered setbacks. 

The municipality is ensuring that the district councils have the help and support from the organisation that is needed to do their job properly and to learn how to work more independently e.g. with ICT resources, their own budgets and district council coordinators. The intention is also that the district councils inspire and learn from each other.

In Rotterdam, the district is on the move! Implementation also coincided with the national elections. As a result, the energy of this new approach also had an impact on awareness of the national elections.

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Jakki Mann
Melbourne , Australia

Jakki Mann

Individual | Content Curator

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