Micro-Baguio: a 15 minute city

Status
ongoing
50%
City

Baguio

Main actors

City Government, Private Sector, Community / Citizen Group

Project area

Whole City/Administrative Region

Duration

Ongoing since 2021

As Baguio City gears toward being a liveable and sustainable city, it engages in green and low carbon solutions to mitigate carbon emissions and engage the citizens to healthy mobility – through walking and/or biking.

Micro-mobility, multi-modal transport, and mass transportation strategies are at the forefront of the city development projects to serve as an intervention on air quality mitigation and improving the city’s urban spaces.

 This is an abbreviated version of the original case study on the Urban SDG Knowledge Platform with information provided by the City Government Of Baguio

 

 

Sustainable Development Goals

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesBuild resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovationReduce inequality within and among countriesMake cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableTake urgent action to combat climate change and its impactsPromote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
City
Baguio, Philippines
Size and population development
As of the 2020 Census, Baguio City had a population of 366,358 inhabitants, making it a major urban centre in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The population has been steadily growing, with estimates suggesting growth to approximately 400,000 by 2024. The city experienced significant growth from 342,200 in 2015 to 366,358 in 2020, representing an increase of over 24,000 people in five years.
Population composition
The city's average household size decreased from 3.8 persons in 2015 to 3.6 persons in 2020, indicating changing family structures. Baguio is known for its diverse population composition, serving as a melting pot for various ethnic groups from the Cordillera region and attracting migrants from across the Philippines due to its cooler climate and educational opportunities.
Main functions
Baguio serves as the summer capital of the Philippines and is the regional centre of the Cordillera Administrative Region. Known as the "City of Pines", it functions as a major educational hub with numerous universities and colleges, a popular tourist destination due to its cool climate and cultural attractions, and an important commercial centre for the northern Philippines. The city is famous for its pine forests, rich cultural heritage, and serves as a gateway to the mountain provinces.
Main industries / business
Baguio's economy is primarily service-based, with tourism, education, and retail trade forming the backbone of economic activity. The city serves as a major commercial hub for the Cordillera region, with extensive wholesale and retail operations serving both local and regional markets. Manufacturing plays an important role through the Baguio City Economic Zone, which houses companies producing textiles, electronics, and consumer goods primarily for export. The education sector is significant, with numerous universities and colleges contributing to the local economy. Tourism remains a vital industry, driven by the city's cool climate, cultural attractions, and position as the "Summer Capital of the Philippines." Financial services and business process outsourcing have also emerged as growing sectors in recent years.
Sources for city budget
The city of Baguio's budget comes from various sources, including local taxes (real property tax, business permits, and local service fees), Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) from the national government, tourism-related revenues, fees from the economic zone, and grants from national agencies. The city also generates significant revenue from its thriving tourism industry and business registrations.
Political structure
Baguio is governed by a mayor and a city council (Sangguniang Panlungsod). The mayor serves as the chief executive, while the city council acts as the legislative body composed of councillors elected for three-year terms. As a highly urbanised city, Baguio has significant autonomy in local governance and does not fall under provincial jurisdiction, reporting directly to the national government.
Administrative structure
The city of Baguio is divided into 129 barangays (the smallest administrative unit in the Philippines), each with its own barangay council responsible for local community affairs. The central city government oversees citywide policies and services, while barangay governments handle grassroots administration, community services, and local dispute resolution.
Website
https://new.baguio.gov.ph

Baguio is a landlocked highly urbanized city which was founded in the early 1900’s. It was designed by the American Architect Daniel Burnham. It has a land area of 57.51 square kilometres and a population of 366,358 from the 2020 census.

Baguio City is a tourist destination due to its weather, which is usually 2 degrees cooler than the rest of the Philippines. It relies on assets including its indigenous culture, colonial heritage, and environment. It is one of two urban designed cities in the country following the design ideals of a City Beautiful thus, it abounds with parks and open spaces, surrounded by mountains landscapes. The city, considering it is small, was designed as a walking city.

Travel  around the city had always been vehicles powered by fossil fuel. Fortunately, with the introduction of micro-mobility and alternative modes of mobility, citizens will be able to overcome the current challenges of congestion and the ensuing carbon emissions.

The project has one ultimate aim: to reduce the dependency on private vehicles and provide alternative forms of mobility that are good for the health of the people and their environment.

One of the City’s initiatives today is to build micro-mobility infrastructures to help citizens move seamlessly, faster, safer, more economical and environment friendly.

A mock-up of the micro-mobility infrastructures was installed at Session Road, the City’s main thoroughfare. This was used to gauge public opinion and gather feedback in order to improve and localize the designs.

Since these are fairly new to Baguio City’s locality, IECs are being rolled out through its social media and networking sites for the public’s convenience.

Public consultations are also being conducted with stakeholders in order to gauge the acceptability of the project and gather information on how to improve the design.

The Local Government will still develop an M&E tool for this programme, but it already incorporates yearly investments for this program in order to increase the density of micro-mobility infrastructure all over the city. It is expected that this program shall be implemented yearly on a long-term outlook.

Finance

Budget allocation for the project comes from both national and local government agencies. To date, an  aggregate amount of USD1,000,000 had been allocated to the initiative.

 Partners:

Engineering Office

City Buildings and Architecture Office

City Environment and Parks Management Office,

Department of Public Works & Highways from LGU Baguio City

Baguio citizens private sector

Private Sector

From the installation of the mock-up and Information & education campaigns, a lot of people, both residents and tourists alike, voiced their support for the Green Walks Initiative. Along with the #BreatheBaguio city branding, the locality has begun to embrace the transition to a micro-mobility city.

The Micro-Baguio branding also includes PWD (persons with disabilities) and GAD friendly facilities, with the introduction of tactiles, ramps, and street furniture.

The conversion of grey infrastructure into green living streets and shared lanes also allow for equal enjoyment for the public. *Gray infrastructure refers to structures such as dams, seawalls, roads, pipes or water treatment plants (conservation.org)

As the city has breached its carrying capacity especially on road areas, traffic congestion, gridlocks, and “carmaggedon” are becoming a usual occurrence.

The replication of the Micro-Baguio and the green walks initiative is very possible both on the local or national scale.

In fact, cities all over the world who turned to micro-mobility during the pandemic served as the inspiration for this program. Localization of the concepts were implemented in order that it is acceptable according to the experience and aspirations of the people.

Scaling up the program to become a city-wide initiative is the long-term expectation. Given the relatively small size and the highly urbanized character of the city, conversion to low carbon options would highly impact the current carbon emission levels.

The key learning from this program is that since the infrastructure is built for people, their inputs during stakeholder engagements are of prime importance.

External links / documents

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CityNet Secretariat
Seoul , South Korea

CityNet Secretariat

Institution
Chris DiGennaro
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Chris DiGennaro

Individual | Senior Program Officer, CityNet Secretariat

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